Mechanical dysphagia

Dysphagia is another term for swallowing difficulties. There are many different types of dysphagia, including mechanical dysphagia. Mechanical dysphagia can also be known as oral-motor dysphagia. Mechanical dysphagia occurs when there is a problem with the movements of the muscles of the throat. This can cause difficulty in swallowing.

The Kids Feeding Team will work closely with a dysphagia trained speech and language therapist in order to diagnose and treat mechanical dysphagia.

What is mechanical dysphagia?

Mechanical dysphagia occurs when there is any swallowing difficulties caused by a problem in the movement of the muscles and nerves used to swallow. Difficulties in movements mainly occur in movements that are voluntary e.g. in the oral cavity but can also occur during involuntary movements e.g. in the pharynx (throat) and oesophagus (food pipe).

The Kids Feeding Team will work hard to ensure that these difficulties are minimised or reduced in order to help achieve a safe and effective swallow. We are able to assess, treat and monitor mechanical dysphagia and advise on how best to support your child's needs.

What causes mechanical dysphagia?

Mechanical dysphagia can occur at any age. Children can be born with oral-motor difficulties that cause swallowing problems or they may acquire this in later childhood development. Swallowing is a complex process that requires specific co-ordination and movement of lots of intricate muscles of the mouth and throat. Mechanical dysphagia can be caused by co-ordination difficulties in any of the intricate muscles and nerves used to swallow. This may be due to a number of things, including neurological conditions.

The Kids Feeding Team will work hard to assess the causes of mechanical dysphagia in each child in order to gain more understanding of the nature of your child’s problems. By identifying the underlying cause of the mechanical dysphagia we will be able to decide how best to help.

What problems caused by mechanical dysphagia can we help with?

Children that experience mechanical dysphagia may have the following problems that our team of dieticians, speech and language therapists, occupational therapists and physiotherapists can help minimise and support:

• Difficulty or inability to control food in the mouth.
• Difficulty or inability to control saliva in the mouth.
• Difficulty initiating a swallow.
• Coughing, choking or redness in the face when eating.
• Reduced ability to thrive or gain weight.
• Nasal regurgitation.
• Gurgly or wet voice after swallow.
• Increased stress and anxiety for children and families.
• Risk of aspiration causing pneumonia and recurrent chest infections.
• Lack of confidence at mealtimes and when feeding.

How can the Kids Feeding Team help a child with mechanical dysphagia?

The Kids Feeding Team will be able to provide many benefits to a child that experiences mechanical dysphagia. If left untreated mechanical dysphagia can potentially cause malnutrition, dehydration and pneumonia from aspiration. These side effects can cause many other complications, potentially life-threatening which our team can prevent. Through careful assessment and bespoke treatment options, we would aim to:

• Identify any movement problems that may cause swallowing difficulties.
• Help strengthen any muscle problems that may be causing the swallowing difficulties.
• Refer to relevant professionals if child needs surgical input for structural problems.
• Increase confidence and reduce anxiety around mealtimes.
• Promote weight gain.
• Reduce and prevent the risk of aspiration.
• Recommend different textures and thicknesses of foods and liquids for the child if appropriate.
• Recommend alternative methods of feeding if needed.
• Ensure the child has a safe and effective swallow.

We make every effort to help and support for continued oral feeding as we know this is the preferred method. However, on occasions there may be indication for tube feeding if it is unsafe for a child to be fed orally. On most occasions, after being tube fed a child will be able to return to oral feeding once it is safe to do so.

What would treatment for mechanical dysphagia involve?

Our multidisciplinary Kids Feeding Team will use various treatment options to support a child with mechanical dysphagia, this might include one or a number of:

• Assess the child's ability to swallow in order to identify strengths, weaknesses and the potential mechanical cause of their difficulty.
• Assess whether the child is aspirating and whether it is safe for them to orally feed in the meantime.
• Individualised goal setting with the parents and child in order to gain the best benefits for the child.
• Discussion and support for parents, with time to ask questions.
• Discussion and practice of any therapeutic techniques or exercises that the child may be able to use to ensure a safe swallow.
• Implement strategies that promote safe and effective swallowing.
• Advice, education and training.
• Oral motor and breathing exercises.
• Continuous monitoring of the child's progress through reviews to ensure that the child’s diet and therapy programme is well suited.
• Advice on different food textures and liquid thicknesses.
• Monitoring and preventing potential risks.
• Referral to other health professionals if this is appropriate and would benefit the child’s structural difficulty.

How do I arrange an assessment for mechanical dysphagia?

If you would like to know more about the services we offer for mechanical dysphagia or to arrange an assessment with a member of our multidisciplinary Kids Feeding Team, do not hesitate to email office@kidsfeedingteam.co.uk or call 0161 820 8262.

Summary

Mechanical dysphagia occurs when children have difficulty with the complex movements of the muscles and nerves used to swallow. Mechanical dysphagia can occur at any time caused by the difficulty of co-ordinating the oral-motor movements. The Kids Feeding Team are able to identify the root mechanical cause of the swallowing problems and can help ensure a safe and effective swallow through different therapeutic strategies.

If you or your child experience any difficulties with swallowing and feel that you would benefit from seeing our Kids Feeding Team, email office@kidsfeedingteam.co.uk or call 0161 820 8262.

Make a referral

To refer a child to our services this can be done online, or by calling 0161 820 8262 or emailing office@kids feedingteam.co.uk

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